Hallmark Findings

Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation

·  Guillain-Barre   (markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)

Antiplatelet Antibodies

·  idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Arachnodactyly

·  Marfan’s

Aschoff Bodies

·  rheumatic fever

Auer Rods

·  acute promyelocytic leukemia  (AML type M₃)

Autosplenectomy

·  sickle cell anemia

Babinski

·  UMN lesion

Basophilic Stippling of RBCs

·  lead poisoning

Bence Jones Protein

·  multiple myeloma   free light chains (either kappa or lambda)

·  Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia

Birbeck Granules

·  histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)

Blue Bloater

·  Chronic Bronchitis

Boot-Shaped Heart

·  Tetralogy of Fallot

Bouchard’s Nodes

·  osteoarthritis (PIP)

Boutonniere’s Deformity

·  rheumatoid arthritis

Brown Tumor

·  hyperparathyroidism

Brushfield Spots

·  Down’s

Call-Exner Bodies

·  granulosa cell tumor

Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy

·  Chagas’ Disease

Chancre

·  1 ° Syphilis

Chancroid

·  Haemophilus ducreyi

Charcot Triad

·  multiple sclerosis    (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech)

Charcot-Leyden Crystals

·  bronchial asthma

Cheyne-Stokes Breathing

·  cerebral lesion

Chocolate Cysts

·  endometriosis

Chvostek’s Sign

·  Hypocalcemia  facial spasm in tetany

Clue Cells

·  Gardnerella vaginitis

Codman’s Triangle

·  osteosarcoma

Cold Agglutinins

·  Mycoplasma pneumoniae
·  infectious mononucleosis

Condyloma Lata

·  2 ° Syphilis

Cotton Wool Spots

·  HTN

Councilman Bodies

·  dying hepatocytes

Crescents In Bowman’s Capsule

·  rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)

Currant-Jelly Sputum

·  Klebsiella

Curschmann’s Spirals

·  bronchial asthma

Depigmentation Of Substantia Nigra

·  Parkinson’s

Donovan Bodies

·  granuloma inguinale (STD)

Eburnation

·  osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)

Ectopia Lentis

·  Marfan’s

Erythema Chronicum Migrans

·  Lyme Disease

Fatty Liver

·  Alcoholism

Ferruginous Bodies

·  asbestosis

Ghon Focus / Complex

·  Tuberculosis (1 ° & 2 ° , respectively)

Gower’s Maneuver

·  Duchenne’s MD  use of arms to stand

Heberden’s Nodes

·  Osteoarthritis (DIP)

Heinz Bodies

·  G6PDH Deficiency

Hemorrhagic Urticaria

·  Henoch-Schonlein

Heterophil Antibodies

·  infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

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·  infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

Hirano Bodies

·  Alzheimer’s

Hypersegmented PMNs

·  Megaloblastic anemia

Hypochromic Microcytic RBCs

·  iron-deficiency anemia

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction

·  Syphilis  over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt. that causes symptoms 2° to rapid lysis

Joint Mice

·  osteoarthritis   (fractured osteophytes)

Kaussmaul Breathing

·  acidosis

Keratin Pearls

·  SCCA

Keyser-Fleischer Ring

·  Wilson’s

Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules

·  diabetic nephropathy

Koilocytes

·  HPV

Koplik Spots

·  measles

Lewy Bodies

·  Parkinson’s   (eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)

Lines of Zahn

·  arterial thrombus

Lisch Nodules

·  neurofibromatosis (von Recklinhausen’s disease)

Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli

·  poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

McBurney’s Sign

·  appendicitis (McBurney’s Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)

Michealis-Gutmann Bodies

·  Malakoplakia

Monoclonal Antibody Spike

·  multiple myeloma   this is called the M protein (usually IgG or IgA)
·  MGUS

Myxedema

·  hypothyroidism

Negri Bodies

·  rabies

Neuritic Plaques

·  Alzheimer’s

Neurofibrillary Tangles

·  Alzheimer’s

Non-pitting Edema

·  Myxedema
·  Anthrax Toxin

Notching of Ribs

·  Coarctation of Aorta

Nutmeg Liver

·  CHF

Painless Jaundice

·  pancreatic CA (head)

Pannus

·  rheumatoid arthritis

Pautrier’s Microabscesses

·  mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)

Philadelphia Chromosome

·  CML
·  ALL

Pick Bodies

·  Pick’s Disease

Pink Puffer

·  Emphysema      Centroacinar – smoking    Panacinar - a₁-antitrypsin deficiency

Podagra

·  gout (MP joint of hallux)

Port-Wine Stain

·  Hemangioma

Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign

Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign

·  tearing of the ACL

Psammoma Bodies

·  Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid
·  Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
·  Meningioma
·  Mesothelioma

Pseudohypertrophy

·  Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Punched-Out Bone Lesions

·  multiple myeloma

Rash on Palms & Soles

·  2° Syphilis
·  RMSF

Red Morning Urine

·  paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Reed-Sternberg Cells

·  Hodgkin’s Disease

Reid Index Increased

·  chronic bronchitis

Reinke Crystals

·  Leydig cell tumor

Rouleaux Formation

·  multiple myeloma  RBC’s stacked as poker chips

S3 Heart Sound

·  L®R Shunt (VSD, PDA)
·  Mitral Regurg
·  LV Failure

S4 Heart Sound

·  Pulmonary Stenosis
·  Pulmonary HTN

Schwartzman Reaction

·  Neisseria meningitidis impressive rash with bugs

Simian Crease

·  Down’s

Smith Antigen

·  SLE  (also anti-dsDNA)

Soap Bubble on X-Ray

·  giant cell tumor of bone

Spike & Dome Glomeruli

·  membranous glomerulonephritis

String Sign on X-ray

·  Crohn’s  bowel wall thickening

Target Cells

·  Thalassemia

Tendinous Xanthomas

·  Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Thyroidization of Kidney

·  chronic pyelonephritis

Tophi

·  gout

Tram-Track Glomeruli

·  membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Trousseau’s Sign

·  visceral ca, classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis)
·  hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)

These are two entirely different disease processes and different signs, but they unfortunately have the same name.

Virchow’s Node

·  supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach

Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells

·  Measles

WBC Casts

·  pyelonephritis

Wire Loop Glomeruli

·  lupus nephropathy, type IV

­ AFP in amniotic fluid or mother’s serum

·  Spina Bifida
·  Anencephaly

­ Uric Acid

·  Gout
·  Lesch Nyhan
·  Myeloproliferative Disorders
·  Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)

¯ FEV₁/FVC

·  COPD